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SAINT PAUL, the second
patron of our parish, is the pre-eminent "apostle to the
Gentiles" of the New Testament. Because the first Christians
were few in number, everyone of them were missionaries, but
Saint Paul had the zeal and eloquence that took the pagans by
storm with the baptism and teachings of Jesus Christ. He
received the name Saul from Jewish parents, who were also Roman
citizens in Tarsus, capital of Cilicia in Asia Minor. He was a
member of the strictest Jewish sects, the Pharisees, and he
received not only an education in rigid Pharisaic teachings, but
also a Greek education as well. He was a student of Gamaliel
about 30 A.D. in Jerusalem, but had probably finished studies
and returned home by the time Christ began His public life. He
was trained as well in tent-making, his father’s occupation.
Paul was not only brilliant and well educated, he was filled
with energy. In his zeal and energy, he began persecuting the
early believers of Jesus for their lack of fidelity to Jewish
orthodoxy. He saw them as corrupters of the true religion and
wanted them wiped out. He is mentioned in the New Testament as
watching and approving of the stoning of Saint Stephen, the
first martyr of the early Catholic Church.
He reports his attitude and practice himself in Acts of the
Apostles: ". . . I then thought it my duty to do many things
contrary to the name of Jesus of Nazareth . . . . many of the
saints I shut up in prison, having received authority from the
chief priests to do so; and when they were put to death, I cast
my vote against them; and oftentimes in all the synagogues I
punished them and tried to force them to blaspheme; and in my
extreme rage against them I even pursued them to foreign cities
" (Acts 26:9-11).
Saul would arrest Christians in these other cities and bring
them back to trial in Jerusalem before the Sanhedrin. On his way
to one of those cities, Damascus, to continue his goal of wiping
out Christians, Paul was thrown from his horse and experienced a
personal encounter with the risen Jesus, Who told him to
continue into Damascus and wait for instructions. Following
three days of blindness and a meeting with a holy Christian
named Ananias, Paul was baptized Christian himself and then
lived in the desert of Arabia in prayer and preparation for some
three years.
When Saul returned to Damascus to preach his new faith three
years later, his former Jewish and Pharisaical friends tried to
kill him for his traitorous change of heart. His escape from the
city was through new Christian friends letting him down over the
wall of the city in a basket. Saul then traveled to Jerusalem
and became a student again, this time of Peter and the other
Apostles there. He committed to memory many of the sayings of
Jesus and details about His life. He also absorbed the
principles and practices of living in Christian community.
Although Paul tried to preach to the Jews in Jerusalem, he was
unsuccessful in turning aside their thoughts of vengeance
against him. He returned to his home in Tarsus for quiet,
prayer, and contemplation. Far from wasted time, this period
solidified his deep understandings of the mystery of Christ. His
would be an influence on Christianity of immense and lasting
value.
After another visit to Jerusalem, he spent the next ten years
(A.D.38 - 48) on his first missionary journey to parts of Syria
and Asia Minor. He had come to Antioch at the request of
Barnabas from where he set out. Paul began to use his Roman name
about this same time. In A.D. 48, Paul was part of a group sent
back to Jerusalem to discuss the relationship between Gentile
and Jewish Christians.
Paul spent eight more years establishing churches in the eastern
Mediterranean area, traveling with various others, including St.
Barnabas, St. Mark, and St. Luke. He visited the major places in
Phoenicia, Asia Minor, Greece, and Macedonia. Paul’s central
point in Greece during his second journey was Corinth (A.D.
49-52), and in Asia Minor during his third was Ephesus (A.D.
53-57). His intelligence and energy led him to adopt a certain
style. He almost always confronted religious leaders, often in
the synagogue, and boldly told the story and requirements of
Christ to them. He was often punished: whipped, expelled from
the city, or stoned. However, his preaching made hundreds of
conversions and founded many hardy Christian communities. He
also preached to Gentiles, agreeing with Peter’s edict at the
Council of Jerusalem to release Gentiles from the Jewish Law.
Paul wrote letters during all of these journeys which form a
good portion of the New Testament.
In 57, ending his third journey in Jerusalem, Paul was again in
reach of the Sanhedrin. He was arrested and would have been put
to death, but he appealed to Caesar as his Roman citizenship
would allow. Roman officials sent him to Rome, where he was kept
under house arrest and where he preached to all who came to him.
Then he was released. Tradition tells us that he traveled again,
this time to Spain, and that he visited again all the churches
he had established. When he returned to Rome, sometime between
A.D. 62 and 67, he was arrested and beheaded during the
persecution of Emperor Nero. |
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